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By testing against a reference database, images of unknown or uncertain provenance can be attributed to aġ742-2876/® 2014 The Authors. (2011) combine image and thumbnail compression parameters, image and thumbnail dimensions and the number of EXIF entries into signatures of camera model or processing software configurations. In one of the most elaborate approaches, Kee et al. Characteristics of thumbnail images (often saved as JPEG images themselves) have been reported to be another pool of forensically relevant features (Murdoch and Dornseif, 2004 Kee and Farid, 2010). Differences therein can narrow down the source device of a questioned image (Farid, 2008 Kornblum, 2008). Digital cameras and image processing software (or groups thereof) use customized quantization tables. Here, basic JPEG (ISO/IEC 10918-1, ITU-T Recommendation T.81, 1992) and EXIF (Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association, 2002) metadata properties have gained major interest. Existing works mainly focus on digital images. Kirchner).ĭata (Chen et al., 2007 Wang and Farid, 2007 Hsu et al., 2008 Conotter et al., 2011 Stamm et al., 2012 Vazquez-Padin et al., 2012, amongst others).įile format information and metadata are another source of forensic evidence, but have generally received less attention. Resembling the evolution of digital image foren-sics, an already ample body of literature approaches the problem of video forensics through the analysis of inherent device characteristics or processing artifacts in the video
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Forensic image analysis has been the main driver of the field (Sencar and Memon, 2013), but also video files have recently been brought to the forefront (Milani et al., 2012b).
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While most consumer devices lack practical authentication support at all, attacks against professional camera authentication systems have demonstrated weaknesses of existing in-device solu-tions.1 Forensic techniques to infer the provenance and the processing history of media files ex post have thus gained more and more interest among researchers and practitioners.
Methods to verify the authenticity of media data are of growing relevance in our digital world.
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This is an open access article underthe CC BY-NC-ND license (). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of DFRWS. In combination, such characteristics can help to authenticate digital video files in forensic settings by distinguishing between original and post-processed videos, verifying the purported source of a file, or identifying the true acquisition device model or the processing software used for video processing. We report considerable differences in the choice of container formats, audio and video compression algorithms, acquisition parameters, and internal file structure. We use customized parsers to extract all file format structures of videos from overall 19 digital camera models, 14 mobile phone models, and 6 video editing toolboxes. This paper explores AVI and MP4-like video streams of mobile phones and digital cameras in detail. Design decisions of device manufacturers and software vendors are thus a fruitful resource for forensic video authentication. Video file format standards define only a limited number of mandatory features and leave room for interpretation. Keywords: Digital forensics File format Metadata Video
Thomas Gloea*, André Fischer a, Matthias Kirchner bī University of Münster, Department of Information Systems, Münster, Germany Journal homepage: Forensic analysis of video file formats In combination, such characteristics can help to authenticate digital video files in forensic settings by distinguishing between original and post-processed videos, verifying the purported source of a file, or identifying the true acquisition device model or the processing software used for video processing.Ĭontents lists available at ScienceDirect Abstract of research paper on Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, author of scientific article - Thomas Gloe, André Fischer, Matthias Kirchner
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